As the use of electric vehicles and energy storage systems grows rapidly, battery safety has become as critical a competitive factor as performance. Current lithium-ion batteries use flammable organic liquid electrolytes, posing risks of leakage and fire due to external impact or overheating. All-solid-state batteries, which replace liquid electrolytes with solid ones, are considered a fundamental solution to these issues. Market research firms project that the global all-solid-state battery market will grow at an average annual rate of nearly 40% through 2032, and the three major domestic battery manufacturers are accelerating development and pilot line construction with the goal of commercialization between 2027 and 2030.

Cathode materials are the core component determining how much energy a battery can store and at what voltage it is discharged; they also account for the largest share (around 40%) of cell material costs. However, the two currently dominant materials have distinct limitations. Nickel-rich ternary cathodes offer high energy density but rely on expensive metals like nickel and cobalt, while lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes are affordable and safe but have lower energy storage capacity.

As the use of electric vehicles and energy storage systems grows rapidly, there is an increasing demand for next-generation batteries that are lighter and hold more energy than current lithium-ion batteries.