Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Device and Method for Wireless Sensor Networks

Low-Energy Sensor Network Clustering Using Density-Based Cluster Head Selection and Residual Energy Rotation

This technology is a clustering device for wireless sensor networks that selects cluster heads based on density information broadcast by sensor nodes. When a head's energy reaches a first threshold level, the node with the highest residual energy is designated as a candidate head to transition the role in stages.

Sensor nodes operate long-term on batteries that are difficult to replace, and the process of relaying data to sink nodes often causes specific nodes to deplete their energy quickly, shortening the network's lifespan. Since direct communication between source and destination is only feasible in small-scale networks, energy-efficient routing structures are required for large-scale deployments.

When the head's energy is between the first and second threshold levels, this technology divides cluster nodes between the existing head and the candidate head for communication. Once the second threshold is reached, the candidate head fully assumes the role, ensuring even energy distribution without communication interruptions during head transitions. It can be applied to environmental monitoring, smart agriculture, and structural health monitoring sensor networks, extending battery replacement cycles and overall network lifespan.

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Key Features:

• A table construction unit that builds a decision-maker node table using density information broadcast by multiple sensor nodes. A step of selecting the first sensor node with the highest density information from the decision-maker node table as the cluster head. A step of selecting the second sensor node with the highest energy level as the candidate cluster head when the first sensor node's energy reaches the first threshold level. A configuration that distributes communication among cluster nodes between the two heads between the first and second threshold levels and transfers the head role upon reaching the second threshold level.

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