This technology synthesizes nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) by dropwise adding a first solution containing a nickel (Ni) precursor and sodium citrate as a chelating agent into a second solution containing a hexacyanoferrate (Fe(CN)6) precursor. Citrate is used to control water content and iron vacancies within the crystal, while the dropwise method optimizes particle morphology and physical properties.
Conventional NiHCF cathode active materials suffered from structural instability due to crystalline water and iron (Fe) vacancies within the crystal lattice. This led to a simultaneous decline in electrochemical specific capacity and rate capability.
This technology involves dropwise adding a first solution containing NiNO3 and sodium citrate (C6H5Na3O7) into a K4Fe(CN)6 solution, with the citrate concentration optimized at 0.1 M to inhibit the bonding between Ni2+ and H2O. As a result, coordinated water and Fe vacancies within the lattice are reduced, and crystallinity is enhanced, achieving a specific capacity of over 80 mAh/g and a rate capability exceeding 82%. Applicable to aqueous electrolyte-based sodium-ion batteries, renewable energy-linked stationary storage systems, and frequency regulation facilities requiring instantaneous high power, this technology enables rapid charging and discharging in non-flammable aqueous systems without the need for lithium or cobalt.
This technology converts analog signals, such as voltage and current, from individual battery cells or packs within a battery system into digital data. It then uses neural network models—including MNN, LSTM, and GRU—to precisely estimate the State of Charge (SOC) for each unit, physically switching out degraded cells or packs with spare batteries or energy storage systems.
Voltage deviations and energy imbalances between cells in a battery pack or between packs in a battery system have historically led to over-discharge and internal short circuits. These issues often resulted in battery failure, system downtime, and even safety hazards like fires.
This technology utilizes a relay circuit to monitor the status of each cell and pack individually, transmitting digitized signals via a converter to a neural network-based SOC estimation unit. Based on the estimated SOC, the control unit identifies degraded packs. If the number of packs requiring replacement is below a certain threshold, the system switches to a spare battery pack; if it exceeds the threshold, it switches to an energy storage system to maintain power output. Applicable to data center UPS systems requiring uninterruptible power, large-capacity battery systems for electric buses and ships, and backup power for communication base stations, this system allows operations to continue without shutting down the entire unit due to a single faulty pack.
This technology synthesizes an orthorhombic Ba1+xV6O16 (0.1 < x < 2) compound capable of reversible barium ion intercalation and deintercalation by performing electrochemical ion exchange on a NaV3O8 (NVO) precursor in an aqueous barium salt solution using chronoamperometry.
Conventional lithium and sodium secondary batteries have faced limitations regarding resource scarcity, ion size, and potential characteristics. In particular, there have been no reported cases of electrode materials for secondary batteries based on barium ions, leaving a gap in the development of related materials.
This technology involves manufacturing a structurally stable Ba1+xV6O16 material through an electrochemical synthesis method, in which an electrode coated with NaV3O8 powder is immersed in an aqueous Ba salt solution and subjected to a voltage of 0.6–0.8V for 20–30 hours, and then utilizing this as a cathode active material for barium-ion batteries. It has high utility as a foundational material for pioneering new battery chemistries without the burden of scarce resources, as it can be applied to research on multivalent ion-based next-generation secondary batteries, alternative battery platforms that reduce reliance on lithium, and the development of vanadium-based cathode materials.
This technology forms a core-shell structure by coating silicon particles with an elastic, 3D porous graphene shell. This structure structurally buffers the volume expansion of silicon during charge and discharge cycles while securing channels for ion and material transport.
Silicon anodes undergo rapid volume expansion during lithiation, which damages the electrode structure and causes the SEI layer to collapse. This leads to inhibited reversible delithiation and rapid depletion of specific capacity.
This technology encapsulates silicon particles within a flower-shaped NiOOH template, grows a 3D porous graphene layer via CVD, and then etches away the nickel to create an elastic "sponge-graphene" structure with a void between the silicon and the graphene. It can be applied to high-energy-density cells for electric vehicles, high-power battery packs for power tools, and silicon-based anodes for mobile devices, helping to increase silicon content while slowing electrode degradation and capacity loss caused by repeated cycling.
This technology is an electrolyte system that improves miscibility with hydrofluoroether (HFE) solvents, reduces electrolyte viscosity, and enhances separator wettability by incorporating sulfone solvents with 2 or more carbon atoms into a dimethyl sulfone (DMS)-based electrolyte.
Sulfone-based electrolytes have historically suffered from poor compatibility with graphite anodes, and the use of high-concentration salts increases viscosity, leading to reduced ionic conductivity and poor separator wettability. Meanwhile, carbonate-based electrolytes pose significant fire risks and generate flammable gases.
This technology features a multi-component electrolyte containing dimethyl sulfone, a sulfone solvent with an alkyl group of 2 or more carbon atoms, and a hydrofluoroether solvent. The sulfone solvent acts as a mediator for the dissolution of dimethyl sulfone and HFE, maintaining ionic conductivity while lowering viscosity to the 20–70 mPa·s range and inducing the release of non-flammable gases during high-temperature storage. Applicable to energy storage systems, densely packed electric vehicle cells, and lithium/sodium-ion batteries, it can replace carbonate solvents and reduce the risk of fire propagation during thermal runaway.
This technology controls the pore size of thermally stable polyimide (PI) separators by coating their large pores with melamine phosphonate (MP). It enhances thermal stability by utilizing endothermic reactions at high temperatures and improves electrolyte absorption.
Conventional polyolefin (PE/PP) separators have low thermal stability, posing a risk of thermal runaway. While polyimide (PI) separators have been proposed as an alternative, they suffer from excessively large pores, which raise concerns about electrode short circuits and low electrolyte absorption.
This technology involves applying a coating composition containing melamine phosphonate and a polymer binder onto a porous PI support to fill and reduce its pores. The coating layer reinforces the mechanical strength of the separator, mitigates internal cell temperature rise through an endothermic reaction at approximately 300°C, and improves electrolyte wettability. Applicable to NCM811-based high-energy lithium-ion batteries and electric vehicle battery packs with strict thermal safety standards, it achieves both short-circuit prevention and thermal runaway delay with a single flame-retardant organic coating.
This technology involves adding fluorophenylmethylsulfone (FPMS) to lithium secondary battery electrolytes to form a stable Cathode-Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) layer containing sulfone (-SO2-) groups on the cathode surface during high-voltage, high-temperature charging. This suppresses electrolyte decomposition and improves interfacial stability between the cathode and the electrolyte.
Ni-rich NCM cathode materials with a nickel content of 83% or higher have historically faced issues with active side reactions between the cathode and electrolyte during high-temperature cycling. This leads to electrolyte decomposition, metal leaching, and accelerated fluorination, resulting in increased resistance and rapid capacity fade.
This technology incorporates 0.5–1.0 wt% of FPMS into the electrolyte, which electrochemically oxidizes to form a sulfone-based CEI layer on the cathode surface. This layer inhibits the generation of fluorine (F-) species and facilitates lithium-ion transport, improving high-temperature cycle life and interfacial resistance. Applicable to high-nickel NCM83 cells for EVs and energy storage systems operating in high-temperature environments, it slows the degradation of high-capacity cathodes with minimal additives and no major changes to existing electrolyte processes.
This technology involves reduction roasting of spent lithium-ion battery powder with a carbonaceous reducing agent at 600–680°C. It converts non-magnetic cathode composite metal oxides into magnetic single metal oxides, such as nickel and cobalt, which are then separated via magnetic sorting to ensure the efficiency and stability of the multi-stage leaching process.
Conventional methods suffer from low acid leaching rates for nickel and cobalt in cathode materials, necessitating the constant addition of expensive reducing agents like hydrogen peroxide. This leads to process instability and inefficient consumption of reducing agents.
This technology mixes battery powder with a carbonaceous reducing agent, such as activated carbon, at a 3–4 molar ratio relative to the cathode material. After reduction roasting to restore metal magnetism, nickel and cobalt components are isolated through solid-liquid separation and magnetic sorting, allowing only these fractions to proceed to the secondary leaching stage. Applicable to cell manufacturing scrap and black mass pretreatment lines, it enables the recycling of anode graphite as a reducing agent while concentrating the use of expensive chemical reagents only where necessary.
This invention was developed with support from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy for the development of advanced hydrometallurgical technologies to increase the value of recovered resources.
This technology captures surplus energy generated during vehicle deceleration, braking, or downhill driving via an alternator to charge a mobile battery. The battery can then be detached and used as a power source in homes or offices through an inverter.
Conventional internal combustion engine vehicles fail to recover surplus energy lost to friction during braking or downhill driving. Furthermore, there has been a lack of integrated charging, discharging, and management systems to utilize recovered energy as an auxiliary power source outside the vehicle.
This technology selectively charges the mobile battery based on driving conditions monitored by the ECU and a monitoring unit. An integrated inverter performs voltage boosting, DC/AC conversion, and power factor correction to supply active/reactive power to home or office grids or operate as a distributed ESS. Applicable to portable batteries for camping or emergency power and utility-commanded V2G distributed energy services, it allows wasted driving energy to be used for reducing household electricity costs and improving grid power factor.
This technology maximizes the effective contact area between active materials and solid electrolytes and enhances ionic conductivity by using laser irradiation to form micro-patterns, such as dimples, on the surface of polymer sheets that include solid electrolytes and anodes for all-solid-state batteries.
Unlike liquid electrolytes, the solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries are difficult to bond perfectly with active material particles, resulting in a small interfacial contact area. Consequently, this has led to limitations such as low ionic conductivity and difficulty in securing sufficient pathways for lithium-ion movement.
This technology involves freezing the polymer sheet to approximately -15°C and performing a process of irradiating a fiber laser at low power and high speed three times, followed by a cooling period of at least 10 minutes. By repeating this cycle five times for a total of 15 irradiations, precise surface patterns are etched without thermal damage to the polymer. It can be applied to polymer-based solid electrolyte sheets, polymer binder-based anode sheets, and pilot-scale all-solid-state cell manufacturing lines, allowing for non-contact control of pattern depth and the implementation of various textures without the need for mold changes.
This technology estimates the State of Charge (SOC) of a battery by storing deep neural network models (MNN, LSTM, GRU) trained under different temperature conditions in a temperature-based model bank and selectively running the model that matches the real-time battery temperature.
The internal resistance of a lithium-ion battery changes non-linearly with temperature. Conventional static table-based estimation methods have limitations, as they suffer from low accuracy during temperature fluctuations and are highly dependent on data reliability.
This technology uses voltage, current, temperature, and time data as inputs to build specialized models for different temperature ranges using deep neural networks such as MNN, LSTM, and GRU. It reduces estimation error (MAE) by selecting the most suitable model for the real-time measured temperature to calculate the SOC. It can be applied to BMS for electric and hybrid vehicles operating in extreme cold or heat, as well as outdoor energy storage systems with significant ambient temperature variations, ensuring stable driving range predictions regardless of season or location.
This technology utilizes an AlxV2O5·y(H2O) (0.1 < x < 2, 0 < y < 9) compound, obtained by reacting V2O5 with an aluminum salt in an acidic aqueous solution, as a cathode or anode active material for calcium-ion batteries, enabling the reversible insertion and extraction of calcium ions.
While V2O5 is an effective active material for lithium-ion batteries, it has faced technical limitations when applied to divalent calcium ions, as it does not allow for reversible insertion and extraction, making it difficult to operate the battery.
This technology involves dissolving V2O5 in an acidic aqueous solution, such as nitric acid, and then adding an aluminum salt, such as Al(NO3)3 or Al(ClO4)3, to form an aluminum-doped, hydrated vanadium oxide structure. The resulting active material supports the reversible intercalation of calcium ions. It can be applied to stationary energy storage systems linked to renewable energy and to the development of multivalent ion cells by battery manufacturers looking to mitigate lithium supply chain risks. A key advantage is the ability to easily secure electrode materials for calcium-ion batteries through simple synthesis in an aqueous solution at room temperature.
This technology is a zinc-bromine battery structure that suppresses self-discharge by physically blocking bromine ion crossover using a non-porous barrier placed between horizontally aligned anode and cathode electrodes.
Conventional vertical cell structures suffer from crossover between electrodes caused by the diffusion of bromine ions and the detachment of zinc metal deposits. This leads to self-discharge and degraded battery performance.
This technology features a horizontal arrangement of the anode and cathode with a non-porous film barrier—taller than the thickness and width of the electrodes—placed between them to control ion migration paths. Additionally, a conductive adhesive is applied to the electrode surfaces to reduce resistance and improve contact. This system is ideal for solar and wind-integrated ESS and emergency power supplies for buildings where fire safety is a priority, enabling the construction of aqueous storage systems with minimal energy loss during long-term standby.
This technology provides a cell structure for measuring battery samples in a sealed environment. It features a tightly coupled upper and lower cell structure, a sealant to prevent electrolyte leakage, a spring and moving screw for pressure control, and temperature and pressure sensors to precisely evaluate sample characteristics.
Conventional measurement devices have open cells, making it difficult to use volatile electrolytes. Furthermore, when measuring at the particle level, limitations such as poor contact between the sample and current collector, instability due to vibration, and external environmental interference have historically reduced measurement accuracy.
This technology forms protrusions and depressions where the upper and lower cells meet and applies a sealant to completely seal the sample. It is configured to finely adjust the contact pressure between the current collector and the sample using fixing screws, moving screws, and springs. Temperature and pressure sensors collect real-time data to enhance the accuracy of electrochemical evaluations. It can be applied to the analysis of pressure-dependent characteristics of single active material particles, the evaluation of volatile organic electrolyte cell behavior by temperature, and quality verification equipment for material companies, enabling the acquisition of highly reproducible electrochemical data under controlled mechanical and thermal conditions.
This technology models battery depreciation by calculating the Average Wear Cost (AWC) from Accumulated Cycle Count (ACC) data and applying second-order polynomial curve fitting to derive a depreciation density function that varies according to the State of Charge (SoC).
Previously, power functions were used to fit cycle life data, but significant discrepancies with actual measurements led to overfitting. This error hindered the accurate calculation of battery operating costs and the development of effective charge/discharge schedules.
Instead of fitting the cycle life function directly, this technology calculates the AWC based on total usage per Depth of Discharge (DoD) and battery price, then applies second-order polynomial curve fitting to minimize errors. The resulting SoC-based depreciation density function is then integrated into power grid frequency regulation control. This enables highly profitable operational strategies that account for battery degradation costs, applicable to grid-scale ESS operations, frequency regulation ancillary service bidding, and EV V2G scheduling.
